What are the Most Important Abnormalities of Thyroid Hormones?

The Biochemistry Online – Free Online Lectures for Medical, Dental and Allied Health Sciences students by the Biochemistry Club.

ABNORMALITIES OF THYROID FUNCTION

1. Hyperthyroidism.
2. Hypothyroidism.
3. Goiter – Enlargement of thyroid gland.

GOITER

1. Euthyroid goiter – diffuse enlargement.
2. Nodular goiter which may lead to hyperfunction, or
3. Iodine deficiency goiter which may result in hypothyroidism.

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Hyperthyroidism may be due to:

• Increase in binding protein & Increased affinity of binding protein
• Effects of autoantibodies
• TSH secreting tumors and
• T4 toxicosis (T4 increase; T3 low)

SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1. Increased rate of metabolism
2. Weight loss
3. Tachycardia
4. Fine tremors
5. Sweating
6. Diarrhea
7. Emotional disturbances
8. Anxiety and
9. Sensitivity to heat

CAUSES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1. Toxic goiter
2. Graves’ disease
3. Excess intake of thyroid hormones
4. Rarely, TSH secreting tumors of pituitary

PRIMARY HYPERTHYROIDISM

It is due to the diseases of the Thyroid gland. It is seen in:

1. Grave’s disease
2. Toxic multinodular goiter
3. Toxic adenoma
4. Functioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma
5. TSH receptor mutation
6. Struma ovarii (teratomas of ovary),
7. Iodine excess

SECONDARY HYPERTHYROIDISM

It is due to diseases of pituitary or hypothalamus.

Will be discussed later …

All these lectures are organized and listed in detail in their proper sections. To view these lessons please visit the Hormones and Signal Transduction Section in Biochemistry II. This can be approached by directly clicking the Biochemistry II button or it can also be approached from the drop down menu in Biochemistry II tab. Once you reach the section click the curriculum tab to view the full list in the section.
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