Translation: Important Steps and Key Components; Codon recognition by tRNA
Introduction
Free online lectures for by Biochemistry Club
- Translation is the process of Synthesis of Proteins and involves many steps.
- First we will discuss some key concepts about the Biosynthesis of Proteins, then we will learn the actual process.
- These Important points must be understood first to fully understand the Translation.
Steps involved
There are 4 main steps involved:
- Amino acid activation
- Initiation
- Elongation &
- Termination of polypeptide chain.
Key Components
- Amino acids
- tRNA
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
- mRNA
- Ribosomes
- Protein factors
- ATP & GTP.
Codon recognition by tRNA
Correct pairing of codon with the anti codon of the tRNA is essential
- Anti parallel binding
- Wobble hypothesis
Translation
- The process translates the 3-letter alphabet of nucleotide sequences on mRNA into the 20-letter alphabet of amino acids that make the proteins.
- The mRNA is translated from its 5’end to its 3’ end, producing a protein synthesized from it N-terminal end to its C-terminal end
- Prokaryotic mRNAs are Polycistronic.
- Each coding region has its own Initiation & Termination codon and,
- Produces a separate species of polypeptides.
- In contrast, each Eukaryotic mRNA has only one coding region-Monocistronic.
Activation of Amino acids
- In a first step, the AA reacts with ATP to form an aminoacyl- AMP-
enzyme complex. - PPi is released & hydrolyzed by pyrophosphatase.
- The second step
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